With arrival of crisis the world financial system has ceased to be the fertile environment for "duplication" of financial pyramids. In the world two conditions which guaranteed successful propagation « пирамидной infections » have changed at once.
Andrea Lamar, the 28-years inhabitant of Antigua, never especially hoped for the state.
Young and vigorous, it tried to reach all in a life itself. But last days the confidence of the forces to it has changed, and hope, to the contrary.At least so promise the American laws to those who has injured from activity of financial pyramids. And it has injured. Stanford International Bank (SIB) where actively put means инвестфонд to which Ламар has entrusted the money, last week has been declared by a financial pyramid.
In opinion of the Commission under securities and stock exchanges of the USA (SEC), Allan Stenford, owner Stanford Financial Group into which structure enters SIB, paid profit to the investors due to injections of more recent investors.
If suspicions SEC will prove to be true, Andrea Lamar will lose all the money.
And the only thing, on what it can then to hope is that the Federal revenue services of the USA will agree to pay to it the compensation or even for a while to release from payment of taxes. However, the American government can refuse the similar obligation. In fact such as Ламар, wishing to return a part of the money, already millions.
The matter is that recently financial pyramids one for another have started to be scattered as houses of cards worldwide, including in the USA. The world economic storm has sharply changed operating conditions of the financial organizations and has made existence of financial pyramids practically impossible.
On traces of pyramids Вашингтонa it is possible to understand. If to follow the letter of the law, the damage put to the Federal revenue services of the USA only from pyramid Бернарда Мэдоффа detected in December as a result of which investors have suffered losses on $50 billion, can make $17 billion
It is so much tax revenues and compensatory payments it is maybe required from ФНС by the injured investors.
But in conditions economic пандемии it will be especially complex to Washington to refuse these means, in fact recession as it is cost to the federal government of the USA of decrease in tax revenues for last year for the sum $200 billion
Besides the USA should spend yet one billion to the aid of the injured investors through Corporation of protection of securities of investors specially created for it (Securities Investor Protection Corp.)
Though pyramid Мэдоффа and largest of opened, but it it is distant not unique. "Owing to" work Stanford International Bank Allan Stenford has made profit of investors on $8,5 billion with which SIB has involved under sale of depositary certificates.
Thus applications that investment portfolio SIB traces a command of analysts from more than twenty person, have appeared lie - a site of multi-billion investments knew only Стэнфорд and its financial director James Devis.
Month earlier, in January, in New York Nicolas Kosmo, the owner of New York company Agape World Inc has been detained. Officially this company provided building credits and involved investments, and in practice also it has appeared "forgery" which "has withdrawn" $380 million at investors
Hardly later SEC has arrested Arthur Nadelja who has enticed at investors under greater percent $300 million more And it is some examples from the whole сонма the opened pyramids. Only from October till January the Commission under securities and stock exchanges of the USA investigated business, losses of investors in which have made $200 million
However, prompt falling of pyramids is observed not only in the USA, but also in other countries, including Ukraine both adjacent Russia. And this falling, observers are assured, will be accelerated only further.
Antibiotic from falseness the Reason for crash of these and many other things of similar structures as a matter of fact one. With arrival of crisis the economic has ceased "to assist" the roguish organizations of such sense. In fact two conditions which did the world financial markets by the fertile environment for propagation « пирамидной infections » have changed at once.
Variation №1 is an outflow of investors.
Financial pyramids (or diagrams Понци, how beautiful name pyramids in the USA in memory of the first loud name «пирамидчика» Charles Pontsi bossed in the country in 1920th years) are under construction by a principle « result another »: dividends to the investors who have made the contributions earlier, are paid due to contributions of more recent investors.
The more wishing to enclose the money has come to fund after the investor, the above there can be payments to it. But during crisis people start to take away the means from varied инвестфондов. And the harmonous diagram of growth of pyramids instantly breaks - to pay the income earlier to the come investors becomes there is nothing.
The financial empire Medoffa, for example, could exist as early as many years if as a result of crisis the frightened investors have not deduced from Bernard Medoffa's fund Ascot $7 billion « Chances to survive at Понци (financial pyramids.
- Ред.) in view of a mass conclusion of means and absence of new investors is not present », - the chapter of a department of forced collecting of payments of the Commission on commerce in commodity futures (Commodity Futures Trading Commission) summarizes Стефен Ob, the USA.
Variation №2 - a credibility gap.
Usually financial pyramids are under construction on financial illiteracy of ordinary publics (at least those pyramids which are guided by contributions of the population), enticing their promise of very high interest rates. Nicolas Kosmo, for example, promised the clients from 48 up to 80 % of the income for a year.
Stanford International Bank last 15 years also stably brought to investors two-place percent "have arrived". Ukrainian investment fund King's Capital involved means under 36 % annual, and one more Ukrainian company Lionebank International - and at all under 54 %. To promise Космо have believed 1,5 thousand people, King's Capital - 6 thousand, to credit union " Large village-credit " - 2 thousand more
Институциональные investors - too not exception. The basic hook hedge-fund Мэдоффа on which for many years pecked other funds, banks and the charitable organizations, became invariable stable two-place (in percentage) profitableness of investments, as well as authoritativeness in financial circles.
« Мэдоффа respected in financial circles, and it well helped it to involve investors in dishonest diagrams », - the analyst of international research company GlobalInsight speaks Тоби Вайт.
With arrival of crisis investors worldwide began to incur enormous losses.
And after disclosing of " business Мэдоффа » positive parameters of incomes on the investment became the main occasion for doubts in honesty of funds. In Russia the Federal service on the financial markets has published the list of the companies in which activity signs of financial pyramids have been revealed on sites of the regional divisions.
Those it has appeared sixteen. Регуляторные authorities of the USA which gave not enough attention to similar investigations earlier, began to trace activity of financial institutions steadfastly. And the faith in Stanford International Bank, for example, also was at all ruined by the Venezuelan analyst Alex Dalmady, become interested too good as for crisis by parameters of bank.
It was guarded with that, according to the reporting, the bank has managed to not injure on волатильных the markets though officially SIB was engaged extremely in commerce in actions and did not give out credits (that could explain that its profitableness in the past to year has made 1,3 % while index S*P 500 has fallen off on 39 %)
The security is not guaranteed Business Мэдоффа and Стэнфорда have blown up a society. The Internet was filled with instructions on how to not get on a hook to next follower Pontsi. One advise to not trust the money to complex financial groups with аффилированными the companies in offshores and it is mandatory to learn, who is engaged in audit of fund.
The auditor company checked fund Ascot Medoffa, consisted all from three person. Its 70-years head lived for hundreds of kilometers from office, the secretary and one practising auditor hardly could check up seriously fund under direction of which were tens billions dollars of investments.
Others advise investors to estimate a reality of profitableness promised by funds. And to not trust at all to those who promises stable interest rates (especially in conditions of crisis). The third advise to check management of the company.
Financial director SIB James Devis, for example, has appeared neighbour Stenforda on a room in a hostel during study in college, and other character of this history - director under investments Stanford Financial Group Лора Пендергест-Холт - before arrival on this position at all had no experience in area of financial services.
However, to guarantee, that these measures it will appear enough to secure itself against a financial pyramid, anybody cannot. But business not only and is not so much in resourcefulness of swindlers.
The matter is that c the deepening of an economic crisis financial pyramids can appear initially quite decent banks and funds which business simply has not stood test by crisis, and they began to pay profit to the investors due to other investors. As, say, so was with Мэдоффом.
Тоби Вайт from GlobalInsight, for example, considers, that is primary its fund was created as fair investment business. And to follow a way of financial swindle it have compelled unexpected losses in one of instants of its activity. And to not lose confidence of investors, it has started to pay to them still high incomes due to contributions of others.
However, about that right at the beginning this business "promised" to be fair, hardly knows someone, except for its founder. Such as Andrea Lamar and others injured from financial pyramids, the result will be important only. And, whether it is possible to hope for the state which leaves to it though illusive, but hope.
